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周易的泰卦上六爻讲,城复于隍,说的是城墙倾覆于护城河。指的是泰终将要反否了,否泰相反复是自然演变之道,非人力可为,下面我们推演一下城复于隍的取象。
泰卦是乾下坤上,乾为天,坤为地,地天泰卦。它讲的是天地相交,上下通达,万物繁盛,序卦传讲,泰者,通也。物不可以终通,故受之以否。上六爻作为泰卦的结尾,就要反否了。古圣人用城复于隍来告诫人们。
城复于隍,城墙倾覆于护城河。我们看卦象,艮为城,兑为隍,隍就是护城河。有人或许会问,艮在哪里呢?三至上爻这是震卦,震是颠倒的艮,震为艮覆,艮为城,震则为城覆。所以我们看到震卦要想到它是艮的覆象。上六爻与九三爻阴阳相应,我们就按应取义,城墙倒在哪里了呢?倒在了兑卦,二三四爻构成一个兑卦,兑为泽,为隍,隍就是城下池,护城河。城头正在泽中。
城复于隍主要应用的是覆象,艮的覆象为震,同理震的覆象为艮,在周易的卦象里,震艮相反复的卦象很多,我们读周易的经文和卦象的时候要注意去体会,比方说,随卦的初九讲,官有渝。艮为官,下震为艮覆。中孚卦的鸣鹤在阴,艮为山阳,震为山阴。京房复卦讲蹦来无咎,复震为反艮,艮覆则山崩。九家讲,城复于隍,国政崩也。崩就是艮覆。易林遯之解讲,盈盛之门,高屋先覆。解卦上震为反艮,艮为屋,艮倒则屋倾。所以讲高屋先倾。
周易经文的每一个字都是由卦象来的,没有象外的字。周易的取象既严谨有灵活,解经取象要把握好这一特点。
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