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十三,天火《同人》(上乾下离)
《同人》:同人于野,亨。利涉大川。利君子贞。
《彖》曰:《同人》,柔得位得中,而应于乾,曰《同人》。《同人》曰:“同人于野,亨,利涉大川。”乾行也。文明以健,中正而应,“君子”正也。唯君子为能通天下之志。
《象》曰:天与火,《同人》。君子以类族辨物。
▅▅▅▅▅ 上九:同人于郊,无悔。
▅▅▅▅▅ 九五:同人先号咷而后笑,大师克,相遇。
▅▅▅▅▅ 九四:乘其墉,弗克,攻吉。
▅▅▅▅▅ 九三:伏戎于莽,升其高陵,三岁不兴。
▅▅ ▅▅ 六二:同人于宗,吝。
▅▅▅▅▅ 初九:同人于门,无咎。
《同人》卦下离上乾,离为火,乾为天,天阳上升,离火炎上,志向相同,故曰同人。
同人,同仁也,仁,人义通也。仁是会意字,从人,从二。仁者,人也,故此卦以同仁为中心,反映的皆为同仁之事 ,说明了团结的原则。
否极泰来后,出现了和乐通顺、人与人友善沟通的大同世界。人人破除私心和一家一族的偏见,求大同存小异,以天下为公,但也不是要千人一面,丧失原则和个性,而是推已及人,与人为善。
同人是追求多样性的统一,追求对立面的相互渗透和统一。同人的这种同,其实就是和,就是西周末年史伯、春秋时期晏子和孔子所说的和。
从卦辞看,说明志向相同的范围、程度广,则办事亨通,并利于干大事。
爻辞指明了志向相同的范围、程度和所影响的事功。初爻“同人于门”范围小;上九“同人于郊”志未伸,故“吝”和“无悔”;九三、九四、九五以用兵和战争作为比喻,具体描述了战争的各个环节和各个方面,包括备战、作战和凯旋以及几种战斗场面等,向我们展示了古代形形色色的战争—-攻坚时的艰难顽强,被围时的绝望挣扎,获胜时的欣喜若狂,祝捷时的皆大欢喜—而在每个环节都离不开团结和纪律,说明求大同方能取胜,否则就会失败。
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