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噩梦是指一种以恐怖不安或焦虑等为特征的梦境体验。醒来后,当事人都能清楚地回忆。噩梦一般发生在快速眼球运动相睡眠期(快波睡眠),由于后半夜快波睡眠所占比例高,噩梦在后半夜发生的机会更多。噩梦的发生与以下一些因素有关:
①精神因素。人在受到精神刺激或者经历异乎寻常的事情后非常容易做噩梦。一些儿童在睡眠前听到或看过惊险、恐怖的电影、电视或音乐等,可以在睡眠中发生噩梦。成年人在遭受重大打击和精神创伤等情况后,可以在相当长一段时间内做噩梦。
②药物。一些提高中枢兴奋性的药物,如三环类抗抑郁药、中枢性降压药等可提高中枢神经系统的兴奋性而诱发噩梦。
③特殊的人格特征。据调查,20%~40%的做噩梦的人存在各种人格障碍或精神分裂症症状,而且,经常做噩梦的人可能更易患精神类疾病。
④睡眠姿势不当。如果睡眠中手臂等物体压迫到胸口,也会做噩梦。
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