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在日常四柱八字命理分析中,习惯把身强身弱作为首要条件,特别是一些所谓新派理论众说纷纭,自成逻辑,争论不休。多数新派是以月令生扶日主为得令,从五行性的生克来判断,然后计算成百分比,超过50%为身强,均是生扶为从强,反之从弱。此种身强身弱论法有悖传统命理学的原旨,所谓“差之毫厘,失之千里”,需要正本清源,以正视听。在此以经典命理学《子平术》和《滴天髓》的要义对“身强、身弱作一论述。
《子平术》是以月令处在“临官”专位(不包括地支藏干)为日主“得令”,因为先贤认为,日主天干在地支所处的十二长生中,“临官位”不强不弱,正好得体,“帝旺”则过,过犹则不及,体现了中和、中庸的哲学思想,把其它地支出现“比、劫、禄?刃?印”称为“得禄、得地、得生”,把天干出现“比劫禄刃印”称为“得生、得助”。
以甲木为例,甲禄在“寅”,甲在地支十二长生中的临官专位为“寅”,甲木生在“寅”月就为“得令”(命格为“建禄”),生在寅年、日、时就称为“得禄”。除了专位,其它都以五行生克论,相生就是“得生”,相同就是“得助”,相生为“印”(正印为专位),同类阴阳相同则为“比”,阴阳相异则为“劫”,帝旺之位则为“刃”(生在帝旺月为“羊刃”格”)。以甲日主生在“亥”月为例,“亥”虽藏“甲”但不是专位,不以得令论。
子平术除以日主身在临官位为得令之外,也把以下几种情形作为判断身强的条件,一是月令为日主正印(专位),甲日主身在子月,子藏“癸”水,癸水就是甲木的正印专位;二是月令为日主长生之位,甲日主生在“亥月“就是甲木长生专位;三是月令为日主旺位(羊刃),甲日主生在卯月就是甲木帝旺(羊刃)之专位,在此基础上,其它干支再有“比劫禄刃印”就视为日主身强。在四柱八字中,在上述四种情况下,如其它七个干支均为“比劫禄刃印”的其中四种,则以“从强”论,若五种全有,那就以寿元“夭煞”论。
《滴天髓》论身强弱,除了引入子平术的月令,还重视自坐,并跳离原有身强身弱理论,创造性引入了“天干喜忌”和“调候用神”的理念,从符合“人之常情”出发来论命格高低。
以“乙木“为例,《滴天髓》认为,即使乙木身在卯月建禄,得令,身不旺也不弱,正得体,若再有比劫禄刃印扶身,则身强。但是从乙木本身的固有特性来看,她是活木、是柔木、是阴木,本身是不受克的,跟子平术的身强完全是两个概念,它身在卯月,即使得令,它也不受金克,也克不了土,所以乙木财官格不成立。乙木天干喜“丙癸”,生在冬月,只要“怀丁抱丙”得调候则伤官生财,生在夏月,得癸水调和则“跨凤乘猴”,杀印相生,生在春秋月,只要有“甲”木,她哥哥来帮扶,她哥哥喜“庚”,在帮的同时,自己也受用成才,则“藤萝系甲,可春可秋”。《滴天髓》打破了原有命理“身强、身弱”固有思维,乙木虽柔,自坐“丑未”(“割羊解牛”财星)为最美,在日主得喜用或得调候情况下,即使见“甲”木劫财,即使身弱,命格同样可以看高,其它八字规则可乙忽略。十天干喜忌,只有“丙丁火”生在春秋月不可用“甲”木来调候以外,其它都是。除“乙”以外,其它天干的喜忌各有不同,但调侯用神则一致,日主生在冬月,用“丙丁”为调候,生在夏月则用“壬癸”水为调候。
小结:命理学是建立在阴阳五行基础上的多维度学说,需要从阴阳、五行、十神、六亲、时效、喜忌、调候、病药、神煞以及本命、大运、流年、还要结合天时、地利、人事进行立体综合分析和判断,讲究“三到一要”,其中一要就是“要符合人之常情”。日主身强弱只占八字分析的十二分之一,不应拘泥于此。
以上分享,供参考。
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